Free Essays on Bipolar

The history of bipolar disorder itself is over 2000 years old. "Bipolar Illness, or manic depressive disorder, is an ancient disease with descriptions appearing in the biblical Old Testament and in writings from ancient Greece"(El-Mallakh 775). In the last few years, doctors find the probable cause of bipolar disorder is an inherited lack of stability in nerve impulse transmission in the brain. This biochemical brain problem causes people with bipolar disorder to be more susceptible to physical and emotional stresses. Researchers have found several genes that could be linked to the disorder. This may explain why bipolar disorder seems to run in families. Bipolar itself means "two poles" as it is characterized by mood swings. The manic episode begins with increased energy, creativity, and social ease that can easily go into uncontrollable anger, agitation, and feelings of being irritable. The other side of the pole, depression, is a lack of energy, feeling sad, worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. These mood swings are totally unrelated to things going on in the person's life. Bipolar disorder affects close to 1% of the population of the United States. "As many as one-fifth of the 3 million people in the United States who develop bipolar disorder eventually find the emotional ride intolerable and kill themselves"(Bower 232). "Suicide is, in fact, the second major cause of death worldwide in women between the ages of 15 and 44. Almost all of these suicides are connected to mental illness, and most mental illnesses are treatable"(Jamison 80). People with bipolar disorder experience depressive episodes consisting of sadness, low energy, worthlessness, and suicidal thoughts alternating with manic episodes of euphoria, inflated self-esteem, and high energy levels. This disorder with its mood swings can permanently disable people, and without treatment, one out of five commit suicide. Many people with bipolar disorder are very intelligen... Free Essays on Bipolar Free Essays on Bipolar Bipolar disorder is perhaps one of the most tragic mood disorders, because it virtually taunts with the affected person’s mind. Bipolar disorder, which is also known as manic-depressive disorder, is a mental condition in which the person alternates between feelings of mania and depression. The occurrence of bipolar disorder has been a mystery since the sixteenth century. History has show that this affliction can appear in almost anyone. Even the great painter Vincent Van Gogh is believed to have suffered from the disease. It is clear that in our society many people live with this disorder, however, we are still waiting for a definite explanation for the causes and a cure. One thing is certain about bipolar disorder; it severely undermines its victim’s ability to maintain social and occupational success in life. Because bipolar disorder has such debilitating symptoms, it is crucial that we remain watchful in the search for answers about its causes and treatments available. Bipolar disorder affects approximately one percent of the population (approximately three million people) in the United States. It occurs in both males and females. Bipolar disorder involves episodes of mania and depression. These episodes may alternate with profound depressions characterized by a pervasive sadness, almost inability to move, hopelessness, and disturbances in appetite, sleep, and concentrations and driving. Bipolar disorder is diagnosed if an episode of mania occurs whether depression has been diagnosed or not (Goodwin, Guze, 1989, p 11). Most commonly, individuals with manic episodes experience a period of depression. Bipolar disorder is characterized by a great deal of symptoms that can be broken down into two categories: manic and depressive episodes. The manic episodes are characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, a decrease in a need for sleep, poor judgment and insight, and often reckless and irresp... Free Essays on Bipolar By: Anonymous Childhood-Onset Bipolar Disorder Childhood Onset Bipolar Disorder (COBPD) is one of the most debilitating mental disorders affecting children today. Bipolar Disorder is a mood disorder usually affecting adults that causes sometimes severe changes in mood. Childhood Onset Bipolar disorder is just what it sounds like, a bipolar disorder that occurs during childhood. Persons suffering from a bipolar disorder experience mood swings ranging from depression to mania. During a depressive episode patients can experience feelings of extreme hopelessness or sadness, inability to concentrate and trouble sleeping. Symptoms of mania include rapidly changing ideas, exaggerated cheerfulness and excessive physical activity. Hypomanic symptoms are the same as in mania, however, they are not so severe as to require hospitalization. The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) outlines the diagnostic criteria for mood disorders. According to the DSM-IV, a per son must have at least 5 of the following symptoms during the same 2 week period to qualify as a major depressive episode: a depressed mood lasting most of the day for several days; a significant weight gain or weight loss; a loss of interest in activities; difficulty sleeping (insomnia) or an increased need for sleep (hypersomnia); restlessness or slowed pace observable by others; daily fatigue; feelings of guilt or worthlessness; inability to concentrate; or recurrent thoughts of death. These symptoms can only be diagnosed as a depressed episode if they are not better explained by grief, effects of a drug, or a medical condition. The person experiencing these symptoms must, also report an interference in their daily functioning because of the symptoms. Finally, the person’s symptoms do not meet the criteria for a mixed state. The criteria for a mixed episode state that the person must display symptoms of depression and mania every day... Free Essays on Bipolar bipolar disorder Determining Bipolar Disorder in children is harder then adults because of the mistakes doctor’s make in their diagnosis. All kids have mood swings- is it Bipolar Disorder? Psychologists of today are having problems diagnosing children with Bipolar Disorder because the symptoms are so different from the adult form of the disorder. In children Bipolar Disorder is called â€Å"Child Onset Bipolar Disorder†, known as COBPD (My Child 1). In children the cycling from highs to lows are very fast. Children will cycle between mania and depression many times a day. The episodes of mania or depression are short and rarely go on for more then a day at a time (Childhood 1). Children have longer periods of normal behavior between episodes then adults (Bipolar I Disorder 1). This rapid cycling is called â€Å"ultra-ultra rapid cycling† (My Child 1). â€Å"Ultra-ultra rapid cycling† is mostly associated with the low states in the morning, and then followed by the afternoo n and evening with a high increase in energy (Frequently Asked Questions 1). Children usually have continuous mood changes that are mixes of mania and depression (Sutphen 1). In adult Bipolar Disorder, it is called â€Å"Bipolar Affective Disorder†, known as manic depressive illness (My Child 1). For adults the change from manic to depressed can take months. They often have periods of normal behavior in between their episodes of mania and depression (Bipolar 1). Bipolar Disorder is a biochemical imbalance that causes major mood changes from the highs of mania, to the very lows of depression (My Child 1). Doctors say â€Å"What goes up must come down† with the highs and lows of this disorder, but the cycles are very unpredictable and vary in Determining Bipolar Disorder in children is harder then adults because of the mistakes doctor’s make in their diagnosis. length. The times of depression and mania stages are not equal in time (Basic Terminology 1). In childre n o... Free Essays on Bipolar The history of bipolar disorder itself is over 2000 years old. "Bipolar Illness, or manic depressive disorder, is an ancient disease with descriptions appearing in the biblical Old Testament and in writings from ancient Greece"(El-Mallakh 775). In the last few years, doctors find the probable cause of bipolar disorder is an inherited lack of stability in nerve impulse transmission in the brain. This biochemical brain problem causes people with bipolar disorder to be more susceptible to physical and emotional stresses. Researchers have found several genes that could be linked to the disorder. This may explain why bipolar disorder seems to run in families. Bipolar itself means "two poles" as it is characterized by mood swings. The manic episode begins with increased energy, creativity, and social ease that can easily go into uncontrollable anger, agitation, and feelings of being irritable. The other side of the pole, depression, is a lack of energy, feeling sad, worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. These mood swings are totally unrelated to things going on in the person's life. Bipolar disorder affects close to 1% of the population of the United States. "As many as one-fifth of the 3 million people in the United States who develop bipolar disorder eventually find the emotional ride intolerable and kill themselves"(Bower 232). "Suicide is, in fact, the second major cause of death worldwide in women between the ages of 15 and 44. Almost all of these suicides are connected to mental illness, and most mental illnesses are treatable"(Jamison 80). People with bipolar disorder experience depressive episodes consisting of sadness, low energy, worthlessness, and suicidal thoughts alternating with manic episodes of euphoria, inflated self-esteem, and high energy levels. This disorder with its mood swings can permanently disable people, and without treatment, one out of five commit suicide. Many people with bipolar disorder are very intelligen...

Comparison Essay on High School and College

Comparison Essay on High School and College Comparison Essay on High School and College Some people may mistake college as a simple step above high school, but an examination of the two levels of study reveals that there are indeed numerous differences between the two. One of the differences is in the nature of classes in college and in high school. In high school classes, assignments and learning materials that are to be used to complete the assignments are provided for the students. High schools also normally have guidance counselors to help students determine what advanced core and elective courses they may be interested in taking, especially as it pertains to preparing for a college or a vocation. In college, the situation is very different because it is the students who are charged with the responsibility to decide the kinds of classes that they should take until they graduate. If a student has challenges in selecting a unit, the student may make an appointment with a course advisor. However, colleges do have counseling and guidance offices to help students look at what they might be interested in as a career and to help them plan accordingly. Even so, college students are rarely given the materials that they need for their study and therefore , unlike high school, must purchase the necessary texts and other learning material. Another difference is that, compared to college professors, high school teachers tend to be more accommodating towards their students. For instance, high school teachers tend to be more interested in knowing the name of each and every student in their class while college professors rarely relate names to the faces of their students. Also, high school teachers are more likely to closely monitor the grades of their students, ensure that all the students access the required notes, find out why a student may have missed a class, and even remind the students of assignments and future examinations. High school teachers are also more likely to accept a late submission of assignments or even call a student’s parents to inquire about a student who may have missed class. On the other hand, college professors rarely pay attention to the attendance habits of their students and do not make any effort to ensure that all their students pass or score good grades in their subjects. If a studen t misses a class, a college professor is unlikely to follow up and give the student the notes he missed. Instead, it will be up to the student to figure out from whom to get the notes that he missed when he did not attend class. Finally, it is not uncommon to meet a college professor even after graduating from college and not be recognized by that professor, unlike the case of high school teachers who remember some students long after graduation. In high school, it is very easy to get one-on-one time with a teacher because all that one has to do is to schedule a time before or after school. In college, one has to book an appointment in order to have a one-on-one time with a professor, and it is not always a guarantee that after booking the appointment, the professor will keep the appointment. You can buy a comparison essay online at essay writing service. You will get a superior-quality custom compare and contrast paper written from scratch!

AL 3 CRJ 520II Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AL 3 CRJ 520II Response - Essay Example Current research suggests drug court programs and juvenile programs, which include therapeutic, educational, and family components, appear to be effective in recidivism reduction (Drake & Miller, 2009). According to research, cognitive-behavioral programs often lead to positive outcomes. These positive outcomes are expected to result in a 6.9% recidivism reduction (Drake & Miller, 2009). With regards to high risk offenders, Lipsey and Landenberger (2005) found smaller sample size, attendance monitoring, intervention adherence, and mental health professionals characterized the research and demonstration programs. Positive outcomes were reported. Researchers further suggest positive outcomes are depended upon the quality of the cognitive-behavioral program provided. Perhaps implementing adult treatment programs that resemble juvenile treatment programs will prove to be effective. First, I would receive feedback from citizens in my home state in order to get a general consensus. I would hold a town hall/community meeting in large/key jurisdictions. I would invite key players to speak including county jail and state prison officials, individuals who specialize in offender treatment programs, probation officers, correctional officers, a budget analyst, and a few rehabilitated inmates who have benefited from treatment during and after confinement. In addition, I would also invite family members of inmates to speak regarding the effectiveness of rehabilitation. Of course this seems a bit over board, but we are discussing an issue that affects everyone in the state. My speech: We are all aware that crime rates fluctuate. Some research and statistical data contend crime rates have dropped. Yet some research and statistical data contend crime rates have increased. In addition, throughout this country including this state, we have witnessed an increase in incarceration rates, without any plausible

Weaning And Nursering Protocol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Weaning And Nursering Protocol - Essay Example Semi-moist and liquid feeds, however, are not recommended in the early stages of weaning because they reduce water quality and make it cloudy. In addition, care must be taken to provide only the right amounts of food since underfeeding causes cannibalism, stress and diseases while over-feeding results in left over accumulations, cloudiness, water quality issues, disease outbreaks and stress. Therefore, the amount of food given is dependent on the stage of development, temperature of water, volume of tank, species and flow rate. Since different species feed differently, one has to use their own observations while feeding to decide what amounts the larvae require. Aeration helps keep the food conveniently suspended in the water (Benetti, 2014). Average to extensive aeration and the use of flow through water systems are useful when supplying artificial feeds/ diets. Live feeds and dry feeds (pellets) must be evenly spread out in the tank. Upon completion of weaning, fingerlings are given dry (pellet) and semi-moist foods, as per the recommendations of the manufacturer. In the closing stages of weaning, that is, in the nursery, high quality animal protein (50% proteins, at least) pellets/ dry scrambles are advisable, yet variable with the species. Juveniles and fingerlings in the nursery level are given high protein foods several times daily till they are full. The average size of the scrambles or pellets to feed to the juveniles and fingerlings in the nursery are 0.4mm, 0.8mm, 1.2mm, 1.4mm and 1.8mm. this is the recommended range of sizes, and for the best pick, keen fingerling and juvenile observation is prudent. As the fingerlings mature into juveniles and consequently adults, the frequency of feeding is gradually reduced . Generally, high quality feeds safeguard water quality and provides the nutrient requirements for all fish species. After weaning, fingerlings are graded according to size and shifted to the nursery tanks with constant

Sherlock Cannot be Taken Seriously in Brazil Essay Example for Free

Sherlock Cannot be Taken Seriously in Brazil Essay Amelia Simpson’s introduction to Detective Fiction from Latin America argues that Latin American culture, including its citizens’ pervasive distrust of law and authority, has inhibited its authors from creating a large body of original detective novels. Though these detective works are quite popular with Latinos, the novels must usually be set in countries with strong democratic values and justice systems for them to seem authentic. The people of Brazil, Cuba and other autocratic countries, where authority is feared from birth and laws and police are harsh tools of oppression, are skeptical of fair, justice-minded detectives thwarting criminals. If a detective novel follows the traditional, rigid, classical form, it will seem unrealistic to Latinos. The more contemporary â€Å"hard-boiled† detective novel, with its harsher portrayal of societies that are deeply flawed and teeming with injustice and evil, is a much better fit into the world view of Latin Americans. Within these increasingly popular works, imperfect societies and behaviors can be revealed, examined and utilized within the detective novel template. The classical detective genre, with its â€Å"reassuring view of society,† its â€Å"detached, gentlemanly† sleuths, and its clear, fair delineation between good and evil begs skepticism from Latin American readers who find those concepts foreign and unrealistic. These oppressed citizens of â€Å"predatory hegemonies† can only accept the democratic precepts of law and order and justice when the classical detective work is set in a plausible setting like America. These relatively simple, predictable, rigid â€Å"whodunits† have been read and enjoyed by Latino masses, but ironically, Latino authors have not reflexively rushed to quench the market for more classical detective novels. The evolution of the classical version to the â€Å"hard-boiled† detective novel that often â€Å"reveals a corrupt and violent society,† is more logically embraced by Latin American mystery readers. The â€Å"hard-boiled† model incorporates â€Å"distrust of institutions and its view of crime as all-pervasive. † If viewed as a continuum, the classical version is simple and predictable while the hard-boiled is chaotic and more difficult to predict. The classical version uses traditional, stable values of fair justice, while the â€Å"hard-boiled† relies on environments filled with turmoil and corruption. The classical genre is rigid, and it’s accepted that â€Å"laws are laws. † Therefore, boundaries are abundant, and good is expected to prevail over evil. Conversely, the â€Å"hard-boiled† version removes most societal boundaries and its setting is likely to be â€Å"a model of skepticism and failure, of a lost utopia. † This harsh worldview melds more realistically into the somewhat bleak, dictatorial environment that many Latinos encounter from birth. Thus, Latinos are predisposed to accept the more contemporary, â€Å"hard-boiled,† detective novel. Feelings and portrayals of optimism versus pessimism also set the classical detective genre apart from the â€Å"hard-boiled† type. America, with its history of freedom and stability and its strong sense of law and order, provides a stable, hopeful environment for the gentlemanly detective. He is free to ply his trade, systematically and fairly plodding to a just resolution of the crime. A predictable, step-by step, picture can be portrayed with a â€Å"mechanistic crime-to-solution sequence. † On the other hand, Latin Americans are better able to grasp the â€Å"hard-boiled† genre where chaos, evil, oppression and injustice thrive. For many Latinos, â€Å"the law is feared and, whenever possible, violated. † They live in a police state and they â€Å"breathe and sweat repression. † This way of life, with fear and suspicion as mainstays, allows â€Å"hard-boiled† detective authors to insert hazier motives for oppressed perpetrators who may become criminals out of necessity. The dark, pessimistic â€Å"triumph of the criminal over society’s laws† can seem natural in a hard-boiled work, but would certainly not fit in the classical detective novel template that relies on optimism, justice and sure punishment for the criminal who is pursued and captured by the persistent, reasonable sleuth. The advent of the â€Å"hard-boiled† detective novel seems to open the field for Latin American authors to give their countrymen the mysteries that they enjoy and desire. This change has not come quickly. As recently as 1983 the Brazilian author, Correa, observed that â€Å"Brazilian detective literature†¦with its own, national characteristics, doesn’t exist. † In the same vein, it took more than half a century for the 1929 â€Å"hard-boiled† novel, The Maltese Falcon, to become the best-selling detective novel of 1984 in Brazil. The conservative, rigid classic has finally given way to the contemporary detective novels with their critical societal views that play realistically and believably in Latin America. Sherlock Holmes, while somewhat entertaining and quite competent, is a relic who cannot fit into the world view of Latin Americans. This classical detective has his limitations and his setting must have boundaries of law and order and benevolent justice. But Latinos can readily embrace and believe flawed, even malevolent sleuths who track criminals in settings where lawlessness and evil are the norm. Thus, Latin American authors have much more latitude and potential for success with their native audiences when they compose â€Å"hard-boiled† detective novels. This multi-faceted, contemporary detective genre allows societal flaws to be acknowledged and exploited for the entertainment and intrigue of Latin American readers.

Survive :: essays research papers

Key Word "SURVIVAL" The key word "SURVIVAL" is an acronym to be used as an "immediate action drill" to be performed at the outset of a wilderness survival situation. Use this simple phrase to plan measures that will assist you in surviving in the wilderness and returning to civilization. The Key Word "SURVIVAL" will provide you with two of the most important survival skills--the ability to organize yourself and the ability to stay calm. A. "S" stands for "Size up the situation." (1) Consider your physical condition and perform any first aid required. (2) Concentrate your senses on getting a feel for the area. (3) Conduct an inventory of the equipment you have. (4) Begin planning. B. "U" stands for "Undue haste makes waste." (1) Reacting without thinking or planning can result in faulty decisions and could result in your death. (2) Acting in haste, just for the sake of action, will make you careless. The natural tendency in a stressful situation is to run. You must overcome this tendency and think of your objectives. (3) If you act in haste, you may lose or forget equipment, you may not make a survival plan, and you may become disoriented and not know your location. As a cultural group. Americans have little patience. Know this weakness if it is your own particular Achilles' heel. C. "R" stands for "Remember where you are." (1) Always knowing where you are on the map and how it relates to the surrounding terrain is a principle no outdoorsman should violate. (2) If in a group, always know the location of the maps and compasses. (3) Guard against the natural tendency of allowing someone else to be responsible for navigation. Always be aware of your route, regardless of the mode of travel. (4) Whether you are in a base camp or on the move, you should always know the following things: (a) Direction or location of the nearest populated area. (b) Direction or location to the nearest major transportation artery (river, highway, railroad track, etc.) (c) Location of local water sources. D. "V" stands for "Vanquish fear and panic." (1) Fear and panic are two of the greatest enemies in a survival situation. These are not unusual emotions. The secret is to recognize them and control them. (2) Fear, panic, and anxiety take their toll on the body. They divert needed energy. (3) Many people have never been alone and without diversion. This could subject them to anxiety. (4) The best way to control fear in a survival situation is preparation, Survive :: essays research papers Key Word "SURVIVAL" The key word "SURVIVAL" is an acronym to be used as an "immediate action drill" to be performed at the outset of a wilderness survival situation. Use this simple phrase to plan measures that will assist you in surviving in the wilderness and returning to civilization. The Key Word "SURVIVAL" will provide you with two of the most important survival skills--the ability to organize yourself and the ability to stay calm. A. "S" stands for "Size up the situation." (1) Consider your physical condition and perform any first aid required. (2) Concentrate your senses on getting a feel for the area. (3) Conduct an inventory of the equipment you have. (4) Begin planning. B. "U" stands for "Undue haste makes waste." (1) Reacting without thinking or planning can result in faulty decisions and could result in your death. (2) Acting in haste, just for the sake of action, will make you careless. The natural tendency in a stressful situation is to run. You must overcome this tendency and think of your objectives. (3) If you act in haste, you may lose or forget equipment, you may not make a survival plan, and you may become disoriented and not know your location. As a cultural group. Americans have little patience. Know this weakness if it is your own particular Achilles' heel. C. "R" stands for "Remember where you are." (1) Always knowing where you are on the map and how it relates to the surrounding terrain is a principle no outdoorsman should violate. (2) If in a group, always know the location of the maps and compasses. (3) Guard against the natural tendency of allowing someone else to be responsible for navigation. Always be aware of your route, regardless of the mode of travel. (4) Whether you are in a base camp or on the move, you should always know the following things: (a) Direction or location of the nearest populated area. (b) Direction or location to the nearest major transportation artery (river, highway, railroad track, etc.) (c) Location of local water sources. D. "V" stands for "Vanquish fear and panic." (1) Fear and panic are two of the greatest enemies in a survival situation. These are not unusual emotions. The secret is to recognize them and control them. (2) Fear, panic, and anxiety take their toll on the body. They divert needed energy. (3) Many people have never been alone and without diversion. This could subject them to anxiety. (4) The best way to control fear in a survival situation is preparation,

Name Your Price Essay

Name Your Price: Compensation Negotiation Whole Health Management Group 6 Abhisek Jha 10PGHR04 Annesha Pramanik 10PGHR08 Kunal Dayani 10PGHR21 Priyanka Gupta 10PGHR30 Ria Ghosh 10PGHR42 Tanu Mehta 10PGHR51 Base Salary Status: $100000 per year paid semi monthly †¢ Reason: Since Whole Health Management is a mid cap company and it wishes to pay competitive package at HBS , we have chosen median base salary of health sector from exhibit 6. †¢ Also, since the CEO, Jim Hummer is willing mentor and provide a lot of challenging opportunities to Munroe, which he might not get anywhere else so he would be ready to compromise with the monetary benefits and not choose 75% base salary Stock options Stock options: Options to purchase 10000 shares at $2.7 per share according to vesting schedule †¢ Reason: It is the standard equity plan for incoming executives †¢ Also since, Jim mentioned in exhibit 2, that the company might grow 3 folds by year end 2006, Munroe would want to invest in the firm’s equity †¢ And Jim also mentioned that the organic growth strategy may generate many opportunities for Munroe, being in a leadership role he would like to have more stake in the company Bonus Bonus: Up to $30000 based on agreed upon goals †¢ Reason- Since the median total additional compensation given in exhibit 6 is 30% of the median base salary The agreed upon goals would ascribe to 3 roles specified: †¢ Manage client relationships and contracts †¢ Goals: a) Repeat business from existing clients of the three contracts given to Munroe †¢ b) Customer satisfaction Index > 90% †¢ Grow existing client contracts †¢ Goals: a) Increase revenue ( existing-$10M to $12M) from the contract that he is managing by 15% †¢ Develop new client business †¢ Goals: a) Expand the client base and get 2 more contracts with combined worth of atleast $4M NOTE: The bonus of $30000 is proportionally divided on all goals with each role carrying equal weightage Relocation Allowance Relocation Allowance: $10000 to relocate to Cleveland; additional allowance to be determined for any future relocations †¢ Reason: From internet cost of living comparison calculators we found that even with a 30% decrease in Munroe’s salary, he could maintain his standard of living in Cleveland as it is a less expensive city as compared to Boston. †¢ Thus we have allocated a nominal amount of $10000 towards movers and packers charges Source for cost of living comparison: http://www.bankrate.com/calculators/savings/moving-costof-living-calculator.aspx Continuing Education Stipend and Dues & Licensures Continuing Education Stipend: 70% of tuition fee for further education, if approved Dues and Licensures: Sponsor(100%) the certifications and other dues and licensures in future THANK YOU

Figures of Speech in the Waste Land

Some figures of speech in the wasteland Figures of speech comprise two main categories. One category twists the meaning of words to wrest a new non-literal meaning from words that, when phrased together, have a very different literal meaning, as in the idiomatic figure of speech, â€Å"He died from laughter. † Literally, this means a man met his demise due to laughter. Figuratively (i. e. , non-literally), this means he laughed with vigor for a long time. Figures of speech that twist meaning are classified as  tropes.The other category enhances meaning by arranging and rearranging words and word order to dramatize, emphasize or more elegantly express the point at hand. For example, an analogy may be more dramatically made by using a  chiasmus  that inverts parallelism in a typical abba component arrangement. For example, consider the inverted parallelism of this: The day [a] but shines [b], but glows [b] the night [a]. Figures of speech that enhance through words, sounds , letters, word order and syntax are classified as word schemes, or justschemes.It is clear from this brief explanation of figures of speech that  The Wasteland, with a figure of speech as its very title, will be replete with figures of speech of both kinds,  tropes and schemes. In this format, I can identify a few prominent ones, the first being the title. The Wasteland  is the overarching figure of speech (trope/metaphor) that shapes this entire poetic treatise on the state of the world in Eliot's day. The title of Part I, â€Å"The Burial of the Dead,† is itself a significant figure of speech, also a metaphor, that establishes the central idea of the work.For Eliot, following World War I (1914-1918), Earth itself was ravaged, torn and dead, â€Å"Lilacs out of the dead land †¦. † This figure of speech signifies that death resulting from WWI encompasses the dead who died in battle and the dead who still breath though dead inside from horror and from the lo ss of dead Earth: A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many, 62 I had not thought death had undone so many. â€Å"Son of man† is another important figure of speech, an allusion and metaphor, as this is to whom portions of Part I are addressed: Son of man, 20You cannot say, or guess, for you know only A heap of broken images, Another important figure of speech (trope/analogy and symbol) found in Part III, â€Å"The Fire Sermon,† is Tiresias, the blind old man who sees â€Å"At the violet hour†: I Tiresias, though blind, throbbing between two lives, †¦ can see At the violet hour, the evening hour that strives 220 Homeward, †¦ This figure of speech is important because it represents Eliot's point and belief that the living dead cannot see, can no longer perceive, what is around them, what is true.This is also an allusion to the Biblical precept that those who see are blind, that is, cannot see spiritual truth. Figures of speech of the  scheme  kind a re also present, though seemingly less prominent and used for elegance and compression rather than for significance. An example is found in Part III: â€Å"the young man carbuncular. † Here the word order is changed so that the adjective modifier â€Å"carbuncular† follows the head noun (â€Å"man†) of the noun phrase. Standard word order would be â€Å"the carbuncular young man. † This sort of rearrangement of word order, with the adjective coming after the noun, is called an  anastrophe

Rain essays

Rain essays Weather-The Most Important Element: RAIN As we all know, the three essentials for survival are water, food, and air. The most important element of weather is water. We get water in different forms of precipitation. Rain is the most beneficial of all types of precipitation. Rain is what harvests our crops that give us food to eat. Without rain, no crops would grow and we would parish off the face of this Earth. Also, keeping our air clean is essential because we need air to breathe. Since water, food, and air are so important for our survival as human beings, I decided to do my report on factors of rain. The Mississippi River, the Great Lakes, and countless other river, lakes, and streams make up the water cover of the United States. What few people realize, though, is that a lot of our water is stored beneath the ground. The water is held naturally in cavities called aquifers. In urban areas, water supplies are stored in holding areas called reservoirs. Everyday, Americans are using water that comes from all of these sources. As many people are familiar with the water cycle, they fail to realize how important it really is. The water in Earths atmosphere condenses in the sky around small particles of dust. This procedure that is referred to as condensation is the process whereby water vapor changes to the liquid state. Then, rain falls from the clouds to the ground and makes its way into rivers, lakes, and aquifers. Eventually, almost all of the water evaporates back into the atmosphere from the sun. The demand for water is very high throughout the United States, especially where natural water resources are limited. Farmers use 140 billion gallons each day to grow crop and raise livestock. Industry needs 30 billion gallon for jobs that involve cooling machines and carrying waste. Individuals use up another 40 billion gallons in recreation and day-to-day tasks. People can easily...

Bottle Gourd Domestication and History

Bottle Gourd Domestication and History The bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) has had a complex domestication history written for it over the past twenty years. However, recent DNA research suggests that it was domesticated three times: in Asia, at least 10,000 years ago; in Central America, about 10,000 years ago; and in Africa, about 4,000 years ago. In addition, the bottle gourds dispersal throughout Polynesia is a key part of evidence supporting the possible Polynesian discovery of the New World, circa 1000 AD. The bottle gourd is a diploid, monoecious plant of the Cucurbitacea. The plant has thick vines with large white flowers that open only at night. The fruit comes in a large variety of shapes, selected for by their human users. The bottle gourd is primarily grown for its fruit, which when dried forms a woody hollow vessel that is suitable for containing water and food, for fishing floats, for musical instruments and for clothing, among other things. In fact, the fruit itself floats, and bottle gourds with still-viable seeds have been discovered after floating in seawater for more than seven months. Domestication History The bottle gourd is native to Africa: wild populations of the plant have recently been discovered in Zimbabwe. Two subspecies, likely representing two separate domestication events, have been identified: Lagenaria siceraria spp. siceraria (in Africa, domesticated some 4,000 years ago) and L. s. spp. asiatica (Asia, domesticated at least 10,000 years ago0. The likelihood of a third domestication event, in Central America about 10,000 years ago, has been implied from genetic analysis of American bottle gourds (Kistler et al.), Domesticated bottle gourds have been recovered in the Americas at sites such as Guila Naquitz in Mexico by ~10,000 years ago. Bottle Gourd Dispersals The earliest dispersal of the bottle gourd into the Americas was long believed by scholars to have occurred from the floating of domesticated fruits across the Atlantic. In 2005, researchers David Erickson and colleagues (among others) argued that bottle gourds, like dogs, had been brought into the Americas with the arrival of Paleoindian hunter-gatherers, at least 10,000 years ago. If true, then the Asian form of the bottle gourd was domesticated at least a couple of thousand years before that. Evidence of that has not been discovered, although domestic bottle gourds from several Jomon period sites on Japan have early dates. In 2014, researchers Kistler et al. disputed that theory, in part because it would have required the tropical and subtropical bottle gourd to have been planted at the crossing place into the Americas in the Bering Land Bridge region, an area far too cold to support that; and evidence for its presence in the likely entryway into the Americas has yet to be found. Instead, Kistlers team looked at DNA from samples in several locales in the Americas between 8,000 BC and 1925 AD (included Guila Naquitz and Quebrada Jaguay) and concluded that Africa is the clear source region of the bottle gourd in the Americas. Kistler et al. suggest that the African bottle gourds were domesticated in the American Neotropics, derived from seeds out of gourds which had drifted across the Atlantic. Later dispersals throughout eastern Polynesia, Hawaii, New Zealand and the western South American coastal region may have been driven by Polynesian seafaring. New Zealand bottle gourds exhibit features of both subspecies. The Kistler study identified the Polynesia bottle gourds as L. siceria ssp. asiatica, more closely related to Asian examples, but the puzzle was not addressed in that study. Important Bottle Gourd Sites AMS radiocarbon dates on bottle gourd rinds are reported after the site name unless otherwise noted. Note: dates in the literature are recorded as they appear, but are listed in roughly chronological order from oldest to youngest. Spirit Cave (Thailand), 10000-6000 BC (seeds)Azazu (Japan), 9000-8500 BC (seeds)Little Salt Spring (Florida, US), 8241-7832 cal BCGuila Naquitz (Mexico) 10,000-9000 BP 7043-6679 cal BCTorihama (Japan), 8000-6000 cal BP (a rind may be dated ~15,000 bp)Awatsu-kotei (Japan), associated date 9600 BPQuebrada Jaguay (Peru), 6594-6431 cal BCWindover Bog (Florida, US) 8100 BPCoxcatlan Cave (Mexico) 7200 BP (5248-5200 cal BC)Paloma (Peru) 6500 BPTorihama (Japan), associated date 6000 BPShimo-yakebe (Japan), 5300 cal BPSannai Maruyama (Japan), associated date 2500 BCTe Niu (Easter Island), pollen, AD 1450 Â   Sources Thanks to Hiroo Nasu of the Japanese Association of Historical Botany for the latest information about Jomon sites in Japan. This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Plant Domestication and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Clarke AC, Burtenshaw MK, McLenachan PA, Erickson DL, and Penny D. 2006. Reconstructing the Origins and Dispersal of the Polynesian Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria). Molecular Biology and Evolution 23(5):893-900. Duncan NA, Pearsall DM, and Benfer J, Robert A. 2009. Gourd and squash artifacts yield starch grains of feasting foods from preceramic Peru. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(32):13202-13206. Erickson DL, Smith BD, Clarke AC, Sandweiss DH, and Tuross N. 2005. An Asian origin for a 10,000-year-old domesticated plant in the Americas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102(51):18315–18320. Fuller DQ, Hosoya LA, Zheng Y, and Qin L. 2010. A Contribution to the Prehistory of Domesticated Bottle Gourds in Asia: Rind Measurements from Jomon Japan and Neolithic Zhejiang, China. Economic Botany 64(3):260-265. Horrocks M, Shane PA, Barber IG, D’Costa DM, and Nichol SL. 2004. Microbotanical remains reveal Polynesian agriculture and mixed cropping in early New Zealand. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 131:147-157. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2004.03.003 Horrocks M, and Wozniak JA. 2008. Plant microfossil analysis reveals disturbed forest and a mixed-crop, dryland production system at Te Niu, Easter Island. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(1):126-142.doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2007.02.014 Kistler L, Montenegro , Smith BD, Gifford JA, Green RE, Newsom LA, and Shapiro B. 2014. Transoceanic drift and the domestication of African bottle gourds in the Americas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(8):2937-2941. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1318678111 Kudo Y, and Sasaki Y. 2010. Characterization of Plant Remains on Jomon Potteries Excavated from the Shimo-yakebe Site, Tokyo, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History 158:1-26. (in Japanese) Pearsall DM. 2008. Plant domestication. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. London: Elsevier Inc. p 1822-1842. doi:10.1016/B978-012373962-9.00081-9 Schaffer AA, and Paris HS. 2003. Melons, squashes and gourds. In: Caballero B, editor. Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition. second ed. London: Elsevier. p 3817-3826. doi: 10.1016/B0-12-227055-X/00760-4 Smith BD. 2005. Reassessing Coxcatlan Cave and the early history of domesticated plants in Mesoamerica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102(27):9438-9445. Zeder MA, Emshwiller E, Smith BD, and Bradley DG. 2006. Documenting domestication: the intersection of genetics and archaeology. Trends in Genetics 22(3):139-155. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2006.01.007

To what degree are these representation positive,negative, or Essay

To what degree are these representation positive,negative, or politically mixed - Essay Example Television is embedded into culture and therefore significantly explains the observed gradual transformation of the social order through centuries. In respect of the Sex and The City (2003), â€Å"A Woman’s Right To Shoes† (season 6, episode 9) it is evident that the television technology is one of the greatest players when it comes to social reorganization that has been experienced over the years. It is imperative that some of the terms in this topic of gender under television media analysis are defined to give an insight into the underlying supportive ideas over the subject. Cultural forum is one of the concepts that need clear definition in respect of the existing relationship between television and media. In respect of television technology, the contemporary cultural system of the world undergoes continuous examination by the work of art. Television coverage explores various issues around the world and the aggregate role of this media therefore sums up as either inf ormative or entertaining. The outstanding function of television is its exemplary recognition of the female gender, the minority group and children in the social framework. By transmitting various scenes of socio-political issues across the world, television has significantly opened up the society and is almost initiating a gradual convergence in culture which promotes awareness of women rights and affirmative action. Television discussions are also giving men consideration in terms of fair treatment from the fairer sex as cast by this episode. Sex is represented as a biological concept that distinguishes anatomy of humanity in the society while gender is derived from the social definition. The television has been instrumental in exploring the gender biasness that exists between women and men. In respect of the program line up in the television channels, it is common to find that the timing and planning is strategically formulated in a way that it befits the various audiences. The e merging reorganization of the television content including the soaps, live shows, talks are targeting a given audience with a hint on the work and leisure relationship. The widespread cases of housewives that were common gave the television program managers incentive to come up with family chores related discussions. The concepts highlighted in the episode above gives an extensive family issues twists and the contemporary change of events as far as the gender roles are concerned. Television has been one of the political tools for helping women get their voice heard in the cycle of politics in the society. This is achieved through debates that expose women as the equals of men in terms of political leadership. Social constructionism has played a vital role in helping research remold the grounded theory in social research. The social constructionists have been on the view that knowledge is not created by constructed. The media have the in-depth psychological concepts of its audience a nd this has been an advantage at their disposal in constructing various issues which when passed to the people they perceive as true. Television causes a lot of illusion that cannot be avoided by any person due to the uncensored explanations they provide to support their findings. This has been the force behind the outcry on the unfair gender disparity in terms of various decision making institutions. Political scene around the world has greatly been influenced by